The normal lens of the eye is transparent. It focuses light onto the inner surface of the eye (the retina) to create an image. As a cataract develop, the lens becomes cloudy and blocks the normal path of light entering the eye. Vision becomes obscured.
The purpose of cataract surgery is to remove the clouded lens and replace it with an artificial lens, thereby restoring clear vision. Cataract removal surgery is for people who are not satisfied with their current vision or whose cataracts disrupt their life.
Cataracts are seen most commonly in the elderly. However, children may be born with clouded lenses (congenital cataracts) due to infections they acquire before birth.
Surgery is usually recommended for people who have loss of vision or visual abnormalities caused by cataracts.
PREPARATION:
An ophthalmologist will take several measurements to assess the type of surgery needed. These tests will include an ultrasound of the eye to measure length and a measurement of the curvature of the front surface of the eye. Together, these tests help the surgeon choose the power of the artificial lens to be implanted in the eye at the time of surgery.
Routine preoperative testing is often done to assess overall general health prior to cataract removal. Because cataract surgery is usually done with local anesthesia (numbing), most patients are able to undergo cataract extraction regardless of other illnesses they may have.
PROCEDURE:
The surgery is performed in a hospital or in an outpatient setting. Children are typically given general anesthesia to keep them deep asleep and pain-free; adults usually are awake but sedated and pain-free with local anesthesia.
With the help of a microscope, a small incision is made at the junction of the clear and white outer parts of the eye. The lens can be removed in several ways, depending upon the type of cataract:
- With surgical instruments and suction
- With an instrument and machine that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasonic energy) to break up the lens and suction it out (phacoemulsification)
An artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is usually inserted to help the eye focus in the absence of the removed lens. The incision may be closed with fine stitches (sutures) or may be self sealing (sutureless). If sutures are placed, they may need to be removed at a later date.
The surgery typically lasts less than an hour.
Generally the patient returns home the same day as the procedure and then returns the following day for examination. A patch is placed over the operated eye and worn until the follow-up examination the next day. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops will be prescribed for use for several weeks to assist the healing process.
Expect complete healing in about 10 weeks. Glasses or contact lenses may then be fitted if the clarity of your vision needs to be refined. Close follow-up with the surgeon is essential.
